name: title layout: true class: center, middle, style1 ---
TOWARDS AN ENERGETIC THEORY OF ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY
### ESA annual meeting - August 9
th
, 2018
### .left[![:fontawe](twitter) [KCazelles](http://kevincazelles.fr)] ### .left[![:fontawe](github) .small[[KevCaz/talkETIB](https://github.com/KevCaz/talkBES2017)]] .right[[inSileco](https://inSileco.github.io/)]
### .left[Kevin S. McCann] ### .left[Domique Gravel] --- name: style2 layout: true class: center middle, style2 --- # CONTEXT
### Biogeography: processes and distributions --- name: style1 layout: true class: style1 --- # Biogeography: processes
.center[![:scale 100%](img/figall5.png)] --- # Biogeography: processes
.center[![:scale 100%](img/figall6.png)] --- # Biogeography: processes
.center[![:scale 100%](img/figall7.png)] --- # Biogeography: processes
.center[![:scale 100%](img/figall8.png)] --- # Biogeography: distributions
.center[![:scale 100%](img/figall9.png)] --- # Biogeography: distributions
.center[![:scale 100%](img/ecoreg.png)] --- # Biogeography: questions
### How processes generate distributions? ### How to infer processes from distributions?
--- # Biogeography: theories
### 1. Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB) ### 2. Neutral Theory of Biogeography (NTB) -- ### ![:fontawe](arrow-right) Within 1 trophic level --
### ![:fontawe](arrow-right) More than 1 trophic level? #### ![:fontawe](file-text) [Holt, *Toward a Trophic Island Biogeography* (book chapter), 2009.](https://press.princeton.edu/titles/9096.html) #### ![:fontawe](file-text) [Gravel *et al.*, *Ecology Letters*, 2011.](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01667.x/abstract) #### ![:fontawe](file-text) [Cazelles *et al.*, *Ecography*, 2016.](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.01714/abstract) #### ![:fontawe](file-text)[Massol *et al.*, *Advances in Ecological Research*, 2017.](https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.10.004) --- # Biogeography: initial questions
### ![:fontawe](arrow-right) How to include more trophic levels? ### ![:fontawe](arrow-right) How to include ecological interactions? --- name: style2 layout: true class: center, middle, style2 --- # Biogeography & biotic interactions
### Integrating ecological network --- name: style1 layout: true class: style1 --- # Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB)
.center[![:scale 100%](img/figMW6.png)] --- # Theory of Island Biogeography (TIB)
.center[![:scale 100%](img/figMW8.png)] ??? Powerful vision but strong assumption ??? première étape pour lever l'hypothèse. --- # Networks and TIB
.center[![:scale 90%](img/figeco3.png)] .small[![:fontawe](file-text) [Cazelles *et al.*, *Ecography*, 2016.](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.01714/abstract)] --- # Networks and TIB
.center[![:scale 90%](img/figeco5.png)] .small[![:fontawe](file-text) [Cazelles *et al.*, *Ecography*, 2016.](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.01714/abstract)] --- # Networks and TIB
.center[![:scale 90%](img/figeco7.png)] .small[![:fontawe](file-text) [Cazelles *et al.*, *Ecography*, 2016.](http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.01714/abstract)] --- # What did we learn?
-- ## Theoretical models with >1 trophic levels raise tons of questions
-- ## What is predictable?
-- ## Where/What are the constraints?
-- ## Energy! input / flux / existing theories --- name: style2 layout: true class: center, middle, style2 --- # Building an Energetic Theory of Island Biogeography
### A key to integrate them all --- name: style1 layout: true class: style1 --- # A truism?
.center[![:scale 100%](img/ecoreg.png)] --- # A truism?
## Sun ![:fontawe](long-arrow-right) Autotrophs ![:fontawe](long-arrow-right) Hetreotrophs
-- ## Water, carbon, nutrients availability
-- ![:fontawe](file-text) [Elton, *Journal of Experimental Biology*, 1924.](http://jeb.biologists.org/content/2/1/119) --- # Constraining the model
.center[![:scale 100%](img/figeco5.png)] --- # Constraining the model
## - 1 island = limited input of energy (J.s
-1
)
-- ## - a foodweb has an energy cost
-- ## - reaching the energy limit triggers an extinction --- # Energy cost of a network on an island
.column[
- simulated food webs - body size constrains: - energy cost of a population (cM
3/4
) - topology of the food web ] .column[![:scale 84%](img/netenerg2.png)] --- # Energy cost of a network on an island
.column[
- Explicit energy transfer Φ ] .column[![:scale 84%](img/netenerg4.png)] --- # Energy cost of a network on an island
.column[
- Energy to sustain minimal viable populations (MVP) ] .column[![:scale 84%](img/netenerg3.png)] --- # Energy cost of a network on an island
.column[
- Energy to sustain minimal viable populations (MVP) - Otherwise, extinctions! 1. random 2. the most costly species ] .column[![:scale 84%](img/netenerg5.png)] --- # Energy cost of a network on an island
.column[
- most costly species? ] .column[![:scale 84%](img/netenerg6.png)] --- # Cost of a community on an island
.center[![:scale 72%](img/motifcost1.png)] --- # Cost of a community on an island
.center[![:scale 72%](img/motifcost2.png)] --- # Cost of a community on an island
.center[![:scale 72%](img/motifcost3.png)] --- # SARs become SERs .small[![:fontawe](file-text) [Wright, *Oikos*, 1983.](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3544109)]
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figSER1.png)] --- # SARs become SERs
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figSER2.png)] --- # SARs become SERs
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figSER3.png)] --- # SARs become SERs
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figSER4.png)] --- # SARs become SERs
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figSER5.png)] --- # Mean degree
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figResX1.png)] --- # Mean degree
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figResX2.png)] --- # Mean degree
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figResX3.png)] --- # Mean degree .small[[Piechnik *et al.*, *Oikos*, 2008.](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3544109)]
.center[![:scale 92%](img/figResX5.png)] --- name: style2 layout: true class: center, middle, style2 --- # How ETIB could be useful?
### Concluding remarks and perspectives --- name: style1 layout: true class: style1 --- # Quantification across trophic levels
## To do so, ETIB should: -- ### 1. include a global energy constraint ![:fontawe](arrow-right) zero-sum in NTB -- ### 2. describe the structure of energy flux ![:fontawe](file-text) [Barnes, A. D. *et al.* (2018). Energy Flux: The Link between Multitrophic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning. *Trends in Ecology & Evolution*.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29325921) -- ### 3. support the development of the biogeography of food webs ![:fontawe](file-text) [Galiana, N., *et al.* (2018). The spatial scaling of species interaction networks. *Nature Ecology & Evolution*.](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0517-3) --- # Explain intriguing relationships
.center[![:scale 87%](img/Hatton.png)] --- # Help forecasting biodiversity
.center[![:scale 95%](img/figdem7.png)] --- name: style2 layout: true class: center, middle, style2 --- # THE END - THANKS!
![:scale 100%](img/thanks.png)